Canine Distemper, Canine Parvovirus, Canine Coronavirus Triplex Antigen Test Card

Target and Hazard: Canine distemper virus (CDV, genus Morbillivirus, family Paramyxoviridae), canine parvovirus (CPV) and canine coronavirus (CCoV) are the most common viral infectious pathogens of dogs. CDV is a multisystemic infection affecting the respiratory, gastrointestinal and nervous systems, and survivors often retain neurological sequelae such as convulsions and paralysis; CPV causes acute haemorrhagic enteritis and myocarditis with high mortality in puppies; CCoV mainly causes enteritic diarrhoea and worsens the disease when co-infecting with CPV. All three are highly contagious, may cause outbreaks in crowded dog populations, and their early signs of fever and diarrhoea overlap heavily.

Significance of Testing: This triplex antigen card carries CDV, CPV and CCoV test lines on one strip, allowing differential diagnosis of the three major viral pathogens from a single sample and resolving the clinical problem of one syndrome with many causes — particularly useful in puppies and group-housed dogs where mixed infection is common. It is intended for rapid confirmation in affected dogs, investigation of group outbreaks in kennels, quarantine of newly introduced dogs and pre-vaccination baseline screening, informing isolation, supportive care and vaccination programme adjustment.

Principle: Colloidal gold immunochromatographic assay (double-antibody sandwich): CDV, CPV and CCoV antigens in the sample each bind to their corresponding gold-labelled antibody, migrate along the nitrocellulose membrane and are captured by the specific monoclonal antibody coated on their respective test lines (T1/T2/T3), producing visible lines; the control line (C) confirms reagent and procedure validity.

Performance and Applications: Simple operation without instruments; visual reading within 10–15 minutes; samples: ocular/nasal secretions, faeces or rectal swabs; stored and shipped at room temperature — suitable for point-of-care testing in veterinary clinics, kennels, shelters and primary veterinary stations. Method: colloidal gold immunochromatographic assay (double-antibody sandwich) | Samples: ocular/nasal secretions, faeces, rectal swabs | Time to result: 10–15 min | Reading: visual assessment of T1 (CDV)/T2 (CPV)/T3 (CCoV)/C lines | Format: tests/box (as stated on the label) | Storage: 2–30 °C, cool and dry; shelf life 18 months | Note: sensitivity, specificity, limit of detection, intra-/inter-assay CV and agreement with RT-PCR/virus isolation are subject to our internal QC report.