Canine Parvovirus/Canine Distemper Virus Antigen Duplex Test Card

Target and Hazard: Canine parvovirus (CPV, family Parvoviridae) and canine distemper virus (CDV, genus Morbillivirus, family Paramyxoviridae) are two of the most lethal infectious pathogens of dogs. CPV mainly affects puppies, causing acute haemorrhagic enteritis and myocarditis with vomiting, bloody diarrhoea, dehydration and leukopenia, and high mortality in young dogs. CDV produces a multisystemic infection: initial fever and purulent ocular/nasal discharge followed by respiratory, gastrointestinal and neurological signs (convulsions, ataxia, hindlimb paralysis), and survivors frequently retain neurological sequelae. Both are highly contagious and may cause outbreaks in kennels, shelters and other crowded dog populations.

Significance of Testing: The early signs of CPV and CDV (fever, anorexia, vomiting, diarrhoea) overlap heavily and are difficult to differentiate clinically. This duplex card carries a separate CPV and CDV test line on one strip, so a single sample allows simultaneous identification of both pathogens. It is intended for rapid on-site confirmation in ill dogs, differentiation of viral gastroenteritis from bacterial diarrhoea, quarantine screening of newly introduced dogs and outbreak investigation in kennels, helping veterinarians institute isolation and supportive care early.

Principle: Colloidal gold immunochromatographic assay (double-antibody sandwich): CPV and CDV antigens in the sample each bind to their corresponding gold-labelled antibody, migrate along the nitrocellulose membrane and are captured by the specific monoclonal antibody coated on their respective test lines (T1, T2), producing visible lines; the control line (C) confirms reagent and procedure validity.

Performance and Applications: No instrument required; simple operation with visual reading within 10–15 minutes; samples: faeces, rectal swabs or ocular/nasal secretions; stored and shipped at room temperature — suitable for point-of-care testing in veterinary clinics, kennels, shelters and primary veterinary hospitals. Method: colloidal gold immunochromatographic assay (double-antibody sandwich) | Samples: faeces, rectal swabs, ocular/nasal secretions | Time to result: 10–15 min | Reading: visual assessment of T1 (CPV)/T2 (CDV)/C lines | Format: tests/box (as stated on the label) | Storage: 2–30 °C, cool and dry; shelf life 18 months | Note: sensitivity, specificity, limit of detection, intra-/inter-assay CV and agreement with RT-PCR/virus isolation are subject to our internal QC report.